It isn’t called “the change of life” for nothing. Menopause is a major transition, one that can affect your whole body, not just your reproductive system.
According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), menopause happens as the ovaries gradually make less estrogen and progesterone. As hormone levels change, ovulation becomes less regular, menstrual cycles may become irregular or farther apart, and eventually periods stop.
When Menopause Occurs
Menopause most often happens between ages 45 and 55, although age and duration vary. While menopause occurs naturally for most women, it can also happen earlier because of surgical removal of ovaries or some types of cancer treatment.
ACOG explains that symptoms vary widely. Common symptoms can include:
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Sleep problems (including insomnia)
- Vaginal dryness and pain with sex
- Mood changes (such as irritability or feeling down)
- Trouble with concentration or memory
- Headaches
- Aching joints or body aches
- Changes in sexual desire
- Urinary symptoms (urgency, frequent urination, and sometimes leakage)
Note: Some people also notice palpitations (a racing or irregular-feeling heartbeat). If this is new, severe, or accompanied by chest pain, dizziness, or shortness of breath, it’s important to seek medical evaluation.
Treatment Options
Hormone therapy (often called menopausal hormone therapy) is the most effective treatment for hot flashes and night sweats according to ACOG. Your OB-GYN provider can help you weigh:
- Your symptoms and quality-of-life goals
- Your age and how close you are to menopause
- Your personal and family medical history
If hormone therapy isn’t a good fit, or you prefer nonhormonal options, prescription medications may help. Discuss your options with your OB-GYN provider.
Everyday Steps That May Help
Some non-prescription strategies that many people find helpful include:
- Avoiding triggers like hot beverages, alcohol, spicy foods, and caffeine (if they worsen symptoms)
- Dressing in layers and keeping your sleeping area cool
- Trying paced breathing and stress-reduction techniques (e.g., mindfulness, yoga)
- Using vaginal lubricants during sex and vaginal moisturizers regularly for dryness
Discuss Options with Your OB-GYN Provider
Menopause is a natural life stage, not an illness, but symptoms can be very real and treatable. Consider contacting your OB‑GYN provider if you have:
- Irregular bleeding, very heavy bleeding, or any bleeding after menopause
- Hot flashes or night sweats that disrupt sleep or daily life
- Ongoing mood changes, anxiety, or depression
- Vaginal dryness, pain with sex, or urinary symptoms
Your OB‑GYN provider can confirm where you are in the transition, recommend testing when appropriate, and help you choose a personalized plan, whether that includes hormone therapy, nonhormonal medications, lifestyle changes, or a combination.
